English: Java Plum / Deutsch: Schwarze Johannisbeere / Español: Ciruela Java / Português: Ameixa Java / Français: Prunier de Java / Italiano: Prugna giava /

Duhat refers to one of the fruits found and grown in the Philippines. It is called in English with various names , such as Java Plum, Black Plum , Jambolan, and Indian Blackaberry. Its scientific name is Syzygium cumini and belongs to the Family Myrtaceae.

The fruit of the Duhat tree is oval which is about 1 to 2 centimeters in length. It is dark purple to black in color, fleshy and one-seeded, with a sweet-astringent taste. Its flesh is eaten on hand when ripe. The Filipino people has a distinct way to eat Duhat, they put it in a bowl with rock salt, put on a tight cover, then shake the container until the fruit and the salt are mixed properly.

In the Philippines , Duhat is also called Lomboy, Longboi, etc.

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English: Skinning / Deutsch: Abschälen / Español: Desollado / Português: Esfola / Français: Dépouillage / Italiano: Scuoiatura /

Depouillage is the French culinary term which means "to skim fat" which is done to remove the fat that rises to the top of sauces, stocks and other cooking liquid during cooking. Depouillage is simply and more easily done by placing the pot off-center on the burner and skimming the impurities as they collect at one side of the pot.

Depouillage or cleaning (skimming) of a sauce/stock (for soups) is the most important process in building a sauce or stock.

In making sauces, a cook that does not undertake this process or understand its importance will end end up a sauce or stock that is full of impurities and fat.

To skim or clean the sauce, this procedure will help:
1. After the roux and stock are blended together, bring the sauce to a boil.
2. Reduce the heat and let the sauce simmer slowly. You will see the impurities accumulate on the surface.
3. Skim the accumulation of impurities off

This process is a must when working with a roux sauce to have a fully finished sauce.

Straining of the sauce also improves the texture and increases the luster or sheen. Straining will also Blend the liquid ingredients together. For best results, the use finest mesh available is necessary.

Depouillage is pronounced "Dep- oh-lahj".

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Durondeau refers to a variety of pear - a medium to large dessert pear with russeted yellow skin, flushed with red. Durondeau's flesh is juicy, with unexceptional flavor, but they store well.

Moreover, Durondeau refers to reddish brown pear covered all over in a soft russet. A high quality fruit that has fantastic flavor and texture. Leaves turn attractive red in the autumn when the fruit ripen. Originated in Belgium 1811.

Denoyauter/Dénoyauter is the French word /verb which literally means "to stone or to pit" that is to remove the seed or pit of stone fruits (dates, plums, etc) or olives.

Dénoyauter is pronounced "day nwAH yoh tay".

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